Bitcoin, originally a fringe concept, has evolved into a phenomenon reshaping finance and culture. Its decentralized nature, providing transparency and autonomy, has ignited the rise of Decentralized Finance, or DeFi. This burgeoning ecosystem explores blockchain technology to transform traditional financial services, from lending and borrowing to

Ethereum's popularity has skyrocketed, leading to network congestion and high transaction fees. To address these challenges, developers have proposed various scaling solutions, broadly categorized as Layer 1 and Layer 2. Layer 1 solutions aim to enhance the base Ethereum blockchain's capacity by modifying its core protocols. These include sharding